The Construction of China's Ethnic Politicians on Legislative Powers in North Sumatera Province
Corresponding Author(s) : Rudi Salam Sinaga Sinaga
Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan : Kajian Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Politik Daerah,
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021): Good Governance and Local Politic
Abstract
This study departs from the general perception that some legislative candidates understand when campaigning in general elections promising to provide economic welfare to the community. The problem is how to bring economic welfare to the community when the governmental function is the executive's authority. This study aims to answer how the construction of ethnic minority politicians (ethnic Chinese) against the concept of legislative power. Through qualitative research methods, this study will answer research questions using deductive and interpretive data analysis. Data obtained through literature studies and interviews. The results of the research conducted show that Chinese ethnicity has constructed legislative power as a theoretical concept in the modern era but at the level of activity has a variant of skills in articulating.
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- Aydemir, N., & Vliegenthart, R. (2015). ‘Minority Representatives’ in the Netherlands: Supporting , Silencing or Suppressing ? Parliamentary Affairs, 69(1), 1–20. [Crossref]
- Caul, M. (1999). Women’s Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties. Party Politics, 5(1), 79–98. [Crossref]
- Cerovic, D. (2013). Legal and Political Character of Legislative and Executive Power Relations in Theory and Practice. European Scientific Journal, 9(26), 100–115. [Crossref]
- Chen, D.-Y. (1997). The Choice of Executive-Legislative Relations in Spain and the ROC: Democratization, Institutionalization and Leadership. University of Rochester.
- Chong, W.-L. (2016). Rethinking the Position of Ethnic Chinese Indonesians. 9th International Conference of the International Society for the Study of Chinese Overseas, 1–34.
- Chua, C. (2008). Chinese Big Business in Indonesia: The State of Capital. Oxon: Routledge.
- Clayton, A. (2015). Women’ s Political Engagement Under Quota-Mandated Female Representation : Evidence From a Randomized Policy Experiment. Comparative Political Studies, 48(3), 333–369. [Crossref]
- Cohler, A. M., Miller, B. C., & Stone, H. S. (Eds.). (1989). Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Law. [Crossref]
- Collet, C. (2008). Minority Candidates, Alternative Media, and Multiethnic America: Deracialization or Toggling? Perspectives on Politics, 6(4), 707–728. [Crossref]
- Dolan, K., & Lynch, T. (2015). Making the connection ? Attitudes about women in politics and voting for women candidates. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 3(1), 111–132. [Crossref]
- Dür, A. (2008). Interest Groups in the European Union: How Powerful Are They? West European Politics, 31(6), 1212–1230. [Crossref]
- Fang, A. H. (2015). Minority Political Representation under Demographic Change in the United States. Columbia University.
- Folke, O., Freidenvall, L., & Rickne, J. (2015). Gender Quotas and Ethnic Minority Representation: Swedish Evidence from a Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study. Politics & Gender, 11(2), 345–381. [Crossref]
- Gauja, A. (2014). Building competition and breaking cartels? The legislative and judicial regulation of political parties in common law democracies. International Political Science Review, 35(4), 339–354. [Crossref]
- Giblin, S. M. (2003). Being Chinese and Indonesian: Chinese Organisations in Post-Suharto Indonesia (The University of Leeds).[Crossref]
- Goldstein, A. O., Grant, E., McCullough, A., Cairns, B., & Kurian, A. (2010). Achieving fire-safe cigarette legislation through coalition-based legislative advocacy. Tobacco Control, Vol. 19, pp. 75–79. [Crossref]
- Hanan, D. (2012). Making Presidentialism Work: Legislative and Executive Interaction in Indonesian Democracy. The Ohio State University.
- Heywood, A. (2004). Political Theory: An Introduction (Third Edit). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- House, J. (2017). Representing group interests: A study on the substantive representation of women and minority groups in the Jordanian House of Representatives. Uppsala University.
- Juenke, E. G., & Shah, P. (2015). Not the usual story : the effect of candidate supply on models of Latino descriptive representation. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 3(3), 438–453. [Crossref]
- Koop, R., & Bittner, A. (2011). Parachuted into Parliament: Candidate Nomination, Appointed Candidates, and Legislative Roles in Canada. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 21(4), 431–452. [Crossref]
- Lan, T. J. (2012). Heterogenitas Orang Keturunan Cina ( Tionghoa ) di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Sosial-Budaya. Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, 3(1), 42–53.[Crossref]
- Loncar, J. (2013). Political Representation of National Minorities : A Case Study of Minority Parties in Serbia. The University of York.
- Lončar, J. (2017). Constructing Minority Representation: Empirical-Theoretical Study. University of York.
- Matland, R. E. (1998). Women’s Representation in National Legislatures: Developed and Developing Countries. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 23(1), 109–125.
- McClelland, B. P. (2020). Identity and Agency: Majority and Minority Ethnic Voting in New Democracies. [Crossref]
- Mugge, L. M. (2016). Intersectionality, Recruitment and Selection: Ethnic Minority Candidates in Dutch Parties. Parliamentary Affairs, 69(3), 1–19. [Crossref]
- Muzakki, A. (2010). Ethnic Chinese Muslims in Indonesia: An Unfinished Anti-Discrimination Project. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 30(1), 81–96. [Crossref]
- Permana, P. A. (2017). Local Elite Adjustment in Indonesia’s Democratization: Case Studies of North Sumatra and East Java, 1998-2013 (University of Freiburg).
- Saalfeld, T., & Bischof, D. (2013). Minority-Ethnic MPs and the substantive representation of minority interests in the house of commons, 2005-2011. Parliamentary Affairs, 66(2), 305–328. [Crossref]
- Silva, R. S. e. (2014). Beyond Brazilian Coalition Presidentialism: the Appropriation of the Legislative Agenda. Brazilian Political Science Review, 8(3), 95–135.[Crossref]
- Sinaga, R. S., Warella, Y., Yuwanto, & Setiyono, B. (2019). Why in Various Party and Moving to Other Politics Parties: A Case Studi of Chinese Ethnic in Indonesia, North Sumatra Province. Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences, 12(1), 70–86. [Crossref]
- Suwarso, R. (2016). Indonesian Democracy: The Impact of Electoral Systems on Political Parties, 1999-2009 (Victoria University).[Crossref]
- Sweinstani, M. K. D., & Mariyah, C. (2017). Political Recruitment of Chinese-Indonesian Women Candidate: Study of PDI perjuangan’s Recruitment in Semarang City Legislative Election 2014. PEOPLE: International Jounal of Social Science, 3(2), 1156–1174. [Crossref]
- Yan, Z. (2009). Minority Representation and Political Participation of Ethnic Minorities: A Case Study of Chinese Canadians in Democratic Canada (University of Regina).[Crossref]
- Young, J. T. (1904). The Relation of the Executive to the Legislative Power. Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, 1(1904), 47–54. [Crossref]
- Zubek, R., & Kluver, H. (2015). Legislative pledges and coalition government. Party Politics, 2(4), 603–614. [Crossref]
References
Aydemir, N., & Vliegenthart, R. (2015). ‘Minority Representatives’ in the Netherlands: Supporting , Silencing or Suppressing ? Parliamentary Affairs, 69(1), 1–20. [Crossref]
Caul, M. (1999). Women’s Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties. Party Politics, 5(1), 79–98. [Crossref]
Cerovic, D. (2013). Legal and Political Character of Legislative and Executive Power Relations in Theory and Practice. European Scientific Journal, 9(26), 100–115. [Crossref]
Chen, D.-Y. (1997). The Choice of Executive-Legislative Relations in Spain and the ROC: Democratization, Institutionalization and Leadership. University of Rochester.
Chong, W.-L. (2016). Rethinking the Position of Ethnic Chinese Indonesians. 9th International Conference of the International Society for the Study of Chinese Overseas, 1–34.
Chua, C. (2008). Chinese Big Business in Indonesia: The State of Capital. Oxon: Routledge.
Clayton, A. (2015). Women’ s Political Engagement Under Quota-Mandated Female Representation : Evidence From a Randomized Policy Experiment. Comparative Political Studies, 48(3), 333–369. [Crossref]
Cohler, A. M., Miller, B. C., & Stone, H. S. (Eds.). (1989). Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Law. [Crossref]
Collet, C. (2008). Minority Candidates, Alternative Media, and Multiethnic America: Deracialization or Toggling? Perspectives on Politics, 6(4), 707–728. [Crossref]
Dolan, K., & Lynch, T. (2015). Making the connection ? Attitudes about women in politics and voting for women candidates. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 3(1), 111–132. [Crossref]
Dür, A. (2008). Interest Groups in the European Union: How Powerful Are They? West European Politics, 31(6), 1212–1230. [Crossref]
Fang, A. H. (2015). Minority Political Representation under Demographic Change in the United States. Columbia University.
Folke, O., Freidenvall, L., & Rickne, J. (2015). Gender Quotas and Ethnic Minority Representation: Swedish Evidence from a Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study. Politics & Gender, 11(2), 345–381. [Crossref]
Gauja, A. (2014). Building competition and breaking cartels? The legislative and judicial regulation of political parties in common law democracies. International Political Science Review, 35(4), 339–354. [Crossref]
Giblin, S. M. (2003). Being Chinese and Indonesian: Chinese Organisations in Post-Suharto Indonesia (The University of Leeds).[Crossref]
Goldstein, A. O., Grant, E., McCullough, A., Cairns, B., & Kurian, A. (2010). Achieving fire-safe cigarette legislation through coalition-based legislative advocacy. Tobacco Control, Vol. 19, pp. 75–79. [Crossref]
Hanan, D. (2012). Making Presidentialism Work: Legislative and Executive Interaction in Indonesian Democracy. The Ohio State University.
Heywood, A. (2004). Political Theory: An Introduction (Third Edit). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
House, J. (2017). Representing group interests: A study on the substantive representation of women and minority groups in the Jordanian House of Representatives. Uppsala University.
Juenke, E. G., & Shah, P. (2015). Not the usual story : the effect of candidate supply on models of Latino descriptive representation. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 3(3), 438–453. [Crossref]
Koop, R., & Bittner, A. (2011). Parachuted into Parliament: Candidate Nomination, Appointed Candidates, and Legislative Roles in Canada. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 21(4), 431–452. [Crossref]
Lan, T. J. (2012). Heterogenitas Orang Keturunan Cina ( Tionghoa ) di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Sosial-Budaya. Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, 3(1), 42–53.[Crossref]
Loncar, J. (2013). Political Representation of National Minorities : A Case Study of Minority Parties in Serbia. The University of York.
Lončar, J. (2017). Constructing Minority Representation: Empirical-Theoretical Study. University of York.
Matland, R. E. (1998). Women’s Representation in National Legislatures: Developed and Developing Countries. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 23(1), 109–125.
McClelland, B. P. (2020). Identity and Agency: Majority and Minority Ethnic Voting in New Democracies. [Crossref]
Mugge, L. M. (2016). Intersectionality, Recruitment and Selection: Ethnic Minority Candidates in Dutch Parties. Parliamentary Affairs, 69(3), 1–19. [Crossref]
Muzakki, A. (2010). Ethnic Chinese Muslims in Indonesia: An Unfinished Anti-Discrimination Project. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 30(1), 81–96. [Crossref]
Permana, P. A. (2017). Local Elite Adjustment in Indonesia’s Democratization: Case Studies of North Sumatra and East Java, 1998-2013 (University of Freiburg).
Saalfeld, T., & Bischof, D. (2013). Minority-Ethnic MPs and the substantive representation of minority interests in the house of commons, 2005-2011. Parliamentary Affairs, 66(2), 305–328. [Crossref]
Silva, R. S. e. (2014). Beyond Brazilian Coalition Presidentialism: the Appropriation of the Legislative Agenda. Brazilian Political Science Review, 8(3), 95–135.[Crossref]
Sinaga, R. S., Warella, Y., Yuwanto, & Setiyono, B. (2019). Why in Various Party and Moving to Other Politics Parties: A Case Studi of Chinese Ethnic in Indonesia, North Sumatra Province. Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences, 12(1), 70–86. [Crossref]
Suwarso, R. (2016). Indonesian Democracy: The Impact of Electoral Systems on Political Parties, 1999-2009 (Victoria University).[Crossref]
Sweinstani, M. K. D., & Mariyah, C. (2017). Political Recruitment of Chinese-Indonesian Women Candidate: Study of PDI perjuangan’s Recruitment in Semarang City Legislative Election 2014. PEOPLE: International Jounal of Social Science, 3(2), 1156–1174. [Crossref]
Yan, Z. (2009). Minority Representation and Political Participation of Ethnic Minorities: A Case Study of Chinese Canadians in Democratic Canada (University of Regina).[Crossref]
Young, J. T. (1904). The Relation of the Executive to the Legislative Power. Proceedings of the American Political Science Association, 1(1904), 47–54. [Crossref]
Zubek, R., & Kluver, H. (2015). Legislative pledges and coalition government. Party Politics, 2(4), 603–614. [Crossref]