Main Article Content
Abstract
This quantitative study investigates the impact of work stress on the mental health and subsequent behavior of Indonesian police officers. Utilizing a survey method with a sample of 400 officers, the research employs a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to examine the relationships between work stress, mental health, and police behavior. The findings reveal a significant direct effect of work stress on both mental health and police behavior. Importantly, mental health mediates the relationship between work stress and behavioral outcomes. High work stress significantly predicts poorer mental health, which, in turn, is strongly associated with less effective police behavior. The study utilizes established scales to measure these constructs, including indicators related to emotional, intellectual, physical, and interpersonal responses to stress, alongside measures of mental health encompassing self-image, mood, relationships, and future outlook, and police behavior assessed through dimensions of legitimate force, adherence to procedures, and community interaction. While the initial SEM model exhibited fit issues, modifications improved the model fit, strengthening the key relationships. This research underscores the critical role of mental health in influencing police conduct and highlights the need for interventions aimed at mitigating work stress and improving the mental well-being of Indonesian law enforcement personnel. Such interventions should include coping skills training, emotional intelligence development, workload management, and improvements to organizational support systems.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- bin Baker, R., & Ibrahim, H. I. (2014). Tekanan Kerja Dalam Organisasi Kepolisan: Tinjauan Dalam Perspektif Kecerdasan Emosi.
- Bittner, E. (1970). The Functions of the Police in Modern Society. a review of background factors, current practices, and possible role models. National Institute of Mental Healt, Center for Studies of Crime and Delinquency, 1, 243.
- Candrawati, N. K. A., Setyabudi, C. M., & S, B. (2023). Adaptive Management Strategy and Mental Wellbeing of the South Jakarta Metropolitan Police. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 5(5), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i05.6830
- Cox, J. A., Zawawi, D., & Yasin, I. M. (2022). The Impact of Excessive Stress on Deviant Behaviour and the Mediation Role of Emotional Intelligence among the Royal Malaysian Police. Global Business and Management Research, Suppl. Special Issue, 14(3s), 1378–1392.
- Davis, M. A. (2024). Behavioral Attributes of Police Supervisors That Reduce the Occupational of Stress of Officers They Lead (Issue July).
- Enzing, J. J., van Krugten, F. C. W., Sabat, I., Neumann-Böhme, S., Boer, B., Knies, S., Brouwer, W. B. F., Barros, P. P., van Exel, J., Schreyögg, J., Stargardt, T., & Torbica, A. (2022). Psychometric evaluation of the Mental Health Quality of Life (MHQoL) instrument in seven European countries. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 20(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-022-02041-6
- Garbarino, S., Cuomo, G., Chiorri, C., & Magnavita, N. (2013). Association of work-related stress with mental health problems in a special police force unit. BMJ Open, 3(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002791
- Gershon, R. R. M., Barocas, B., Canton, A. N., Xianbin Li, & Vlahov, D. (2009). Mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(3), 275–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854808330015
- Hardjana, A. M. (1994). Stres tanpa Distres (Seni Mengolah Stres). Kanisius.
- Haryono, S. (2016). Metode SEM Untuk Penelitian Manajemen dengan AMOS LISREL PLS. PT. Intermedia Personalia Utama.
- Kim, J., Jang, J., Park, B., & Kim, I. (2024). Mental COP: Mental Health Cohort of Police officers in Korea. BMJ Open, 14(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082010
- Kinman, G., Clements, A. J., & Hart, J. (2017). Job demands, resources and mental health in UK prison officers. Occupational Medicine, 67(6), 456–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx091
- Krajewski, A. T., Worrall, J. L., & Scales, R. M. (2023). Threat Dynamics and Police Use of Force. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224278231194711
- Lee, N., & Wu, Y. K. (2024). Work-Related Stress and Psychological Distress among Law Enforcement Officers: The Carolina Blue Project. Healthcare (Switzerland), 12(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12060688
- Lin, P. Y., Tseng, P., Liang, W. M., Lin, W. Y., Cheng, Y. P., & Kuo, H. W. (2024). The mediating effect of health behaviors on the association between job strain and mental health outcome: a national survey of police officers. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60746-8
- Manwell, L. A., Barbic, S. P., Roberts, K., Durisko, Z., Lee, C., Ware, E., & McKenzie, K. (2015). What is mental health? Evidence towards a new definition from a mixed methods multidisciplinary international survey. BMJ Open, 5(6), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007079
- Matulessy, A., Rakhim, A. F., & Pascarini, A. (2021). Understanding Social Support and Work Meaning To Reduce Work Stress for Police Officers during the Covid-19 Pandemic.
- Megahayati, F., Pulansari, F., & Waluyo, M. (2023). Analysis of Low-Income Community Level Models as Determinants of Waste Management, Clean Living Behavior, and Environmental Health in Surabaya City. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 4(4).
- Papazoglou, K., & Andersen, J. P. (2014). A guide to utilizing police training as a tool to promote resilience and improve health outcomes among police officers. Traumatology: An International Journal, 20(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0099394
- Putra, A. P., Rini, R. A. P., & Saragih, S. (2019). Hubungan antara Self Control dan Stres Kerja dengan Agresivitas Polisi. Psikologia : Jurnal Psikologi, 2(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.21070/psikologia.v2i2.1512
- Putri, E. M., Patricia, H., Wewa, L., Tazkia, S. N., & Supriyadi, T. (2024). Dampak Stress Kerja Terhadap Kesejahteraan Mental Anggota Kepolisian. Observasi : Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi.
- Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Faria, S., Fonseca, SílviaJob stress, burnout and coping in police officers: R. and psychometric properties of the organizational police stress questionnaire, Marques, A., Silva, C., & Pereira, A. (2020). Estrés laboral, agotamiento y afrontamiento en policías: relaciones y propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario organizacional de estrés policial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 1–19.
- Rabbing, L., Bjørkelo, B., Fostervold, K. I., Strømme, H., & Lau, B. (2022). A Scoping Review of Stress Measurements and Psychometry in Police Research. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 37(2), 457–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-022-09498-7
- Schaible, L. M., & Gecas, V. (2010). The Impact of Emotional Labor and Value Dissonance on Burnout Among Police Officers. Police Quarterly, 13(3), 316–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611110373997
- van Krugten, F. C. W., Jonker, M. F., Himmler, S. F. W., Hakkaart-van Roijen, L., & Brouwer, W. B. F. (2024). Estimating a Preference-Based Value Set for the Mental Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (MHQoL). Medical Decision Making, 44(1), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X231208645
- Wang, J., Wang, R., Zhao, P., Han, T., Li, M., He, Y., & Liu, Y. (2023). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Mental Health Quality of Life (MHQoL) questionnaire in a Chinese-speaking population with chronic musculoskeletal pain. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01482-y
- White, C., & Weisburd, D. (2018). A Co-Responder Model for Policing Mental Health Problems at Crime Hot Spots: Findings from a Pilot Project. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 12(2), 194–209. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pax010
- Wijayanti, R. Y., & Fauzi, H. B. (2020). Factors Affecting The Work Stress Of Police Officers: A Systematic Review.
- Wren-Lewis, S., & Alexandrova, A. (2021). Mental Health without Well-being. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (United Kingdom), 46(6), 684–703. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhab032